Girls with “different volumes and intensity of physical activity constitution types”: a comparative analysis

Abstract

Research aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of girls' having different volume and intensity of physical activity body types. Research materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 academic year at the Technical University of Irkutsk (Russia). 707 girls aged 18-21 were under observation during it. Of those, 499 students, who did not have diseases and restrictions for physical education, were assigned to the Ist functional group and 208 students, who had restrictions on the volume and intensity of physical activity - to the IIIrd functional group. The types of the girls' body constitution were evaluated according to the overall, component, and proportional levels of variation in anthropometric indicators and body development variants. Research results. Differences in somatotypes distribution among girls of different functional and age groups were found. In girls of the Ist functional health group, where students of all ages did not have diseases and restrictions for physical education, the microsomal constitution type is 3.05 times less common, megalomacrosomal and mesosomal somatotypes are 3.4 and 3.0 times more common, respectively, than in the IIIrd functional health group, where students had restrictions on the volume and intensity of physical activity. The number of girls with micromegalosomal somatotype is approximately the same in both groups observed. It was found that there are more girls with a physiological (banal) biological maturation period in the Ist health group. In both groups, the content of fat and muscle tissue in the body is higher in girls, having macrosomal somatotype and less in girls with microsomal somatotype. In both health groups, the muscle component content in the body is greater in girls with the macrosomal constitution type and less in girls having the microsomal somatotype. The bone component content in the body weight of girls of different somatotypes and different health groups is approximately the same. In the population of all the examined female students, mesomembral somatotype girls with an average lower extremities length are more common. Conclusions.The analysis of the girls with different amounts of physical activity intensity types of constitution showed significant differences. More than 35% of all examined girls have transitional somatotypes, which indicates their disharmonious physical development and a possible risk of developing non-communicable diseases. It was found that the number of girls with a physiological (banal) period of biological maturation is 15.1% more than in the IIIrdhealth group. In both functional health groups, girls with the microsomal somatotype have the lowest content of fat and muscle components in the body. In girls with the microsomal somatotype, the fat mass and muscle content in the body is greater than in girls with other somatotypes. There were no significant differences in the bone component content in body weight between girls with different somatotypes. To increase the effectiveness of physical culture and health technologies in educational institutions and students' health level, it is necessary to take into account the results of students' body somatotyping. The materials of the conducted research can be used in PE training programs designing and young people's state of physical health monitoring.