Influence of sports specialization and body length on orthostatic test indicators of students majoring in "Physical Education and Sports"

Abstract

Purpose: to identify the influence of body length and various sports on the indicators of vascular regulation of students. Material and methods. The study involved 42 students who play sports at the amateur level, 18 of them are track and field’s sportsmen (short and medium distance running), 12 are football players, 12 are wrestlers. The number of students with a body length of more than 190 cm was 12 people. The number of students whose body length was 150-175 cm was 30 people. There were no students with a body length of 176- 189 cm in the study. Following research methods were used in the work: method of analysis of literature sources; method of determining body length; orthostatic test method; method of determining stroke volume and minute blood volume; methods of statistical data processing (comparison of averages by the Student's method, multivariate analysis of variance). Results. It was found that the increase in systolic blood pressure during the transition from horizontal to vertical position in students whose body length is above 190, significantly higher than in students whose body length does not exceed 175 cm (p <0,01); diastolic blood pressure, then in students whose body length is above 190 cm, this figure is significantly higher (p <0.01) both horizontally and vertically. Stroke volume of blood in tall (body length more than 190 cm) students in the standing position is significantly less compared to this figure of students with a body length of 150-175 cm. The same applies to the minute volume of blood flow.The lowest values of heart rate in the horizontal position and in the vertical position of the body in judo wrestling. The same applies to blood pressure in the horizontal and vertical position (p <0,001). The highest heart rate and blood pressure intrack and field students-sportsmen. According to these indicators, footballers occupy an intermediate place. Conclusions.The results of a more significant impact of judo and football in comparison with running short and medium distances on the indicators of vascular regulation: the best indicators - in judo, the next place - in football, then – in track and field sportsmen. It was found that students with a body length of more than 190 cm have difficulty with vegetative-vascular regulation. To improve the adaptive capacity of vascular regulation to change the position of the body from horizontal to vertical, it is effective to use any exercise, but the most effective exercises that activate aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic energy systems. In addition, exercises that require frequent transitions from lying (sitting) to standing positions, as well as changes in the direction of movement are useful.