Physical education of girls from different somatotypes and health groups

Abstract

Research aim – is to conduct a comparative assessment of constitution types, motor qualities and body components of adolescent girls with different health levels to correct the physical education methods. Research materials and methods. 246 female students of Irkutsk Technical University (Russia) of functional health groups I (n=132) and III (n=114) were examined. According to the scheme of M. V. Chernorutsky the types of the girls' body constitution with Pinier's index calculation were evaluated, arterial pressure was measured, heart rate before and after graduated exercise was determined, as well as recovery time pulse after exercise and muscle strength of the hands. Robinson's index and power index were counted. The content of bone, fat and muscle tissue in the girls' bodies was calculated using Mateyko's formulas. The main motor qualities of the girls were determined using a set of motor tests. Research results. In the first group of students, high functional indicators of the cardiovascular and muscular systems were reliably established in girls of all types of constitution. In this group, girls of the normosthenic somatotype had an advantage in motor qualities. In the third group of students, the girls of normosthenic and asthenic somatotypes had significantly high indicators of motor qualities. In comparison with the results of the study of the component composition in the body of all girls of the first group, the girls of the third group had a lower content of the muscle component, and more fat mass in all types of constitution. The highest content of fat mass was found in girls - hypersthenic somatotype of group III. Conclusions. The indicators of girls from different functional groups and types of constitution, cardiovascular and muscular system activity, motor qualities and body component composition significantly differ. Of all the students surveyed, more than a third of the girls have an asthenic body type. Functional indicators of the cardiovascular and muscular systems, motor qualities and muscle component content in the body, maintaining fat mass below the girls of all somatotypes from the first group, in comparison with girls, having such somatotype from the third group. In both groups, the motor tests results and the cardiovascular system reserve of activity during exercise were higher in girls with normosthenic and asthenic body types than in girls with hypersthenic type. The research results allow adjusting the PE and sports classes curricula in educational institutions.