Effect of changes by physical program on muscular and skeletal systems of secondary school students

Abstract

A lack of physical activity is the risk factor, which is weakening the health of human beings; therefore the aim of research was to identify changes of physical program in muscular and skeletal systems of secondary school students within physical and sport educations. The research group consisted of 13 female students of the first year of secondary school in Trenčín (Slovakia) (age 15.79±0.45 years, body weight 58.13±3.29 kg, body height 172.31±5.48 cm and body mass index 19.62±0.95). The standardized tests and methods, such as Klein and Thomas modified by Mayer and dynamic spine functions were applied in terms of data acquisition methods. In terms of data processing methods, we used the analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive approaches and comparisons and generalizations. It was followed by the primary statistics, such as percentage frequency analysis (%) and arithmetic mean (±). The changes of physical program and its impact on muscular and skeletal systems of secondary school students were evaluated by the Wilcoxon tests (Wtest p0.01, p0.05), as the statistical significance of differences between pre-tests and post-tests (Practical and material significances) was evaluated by Effect size, Pearson's - r. Within the body postures, the positive shifts and changes were recorded 11 x, as the overall body postures, which were expressed by total points and proven statistically with the large effect size (p0.01, Z = -3.1798, r = 3.721). While evaluating the dynamic spine functions, there was recorded the statistical significances within all of the tests (p0.01, p0.05), however small and medium effect sizes were recorded in tests of Thomayer (r = 0.1692), left (r = 0.4228) and right lateroflexion (r = 0.4748).