“Peru: life at the top” - a study abroad program designed to enhance knowledge of altitude physiology through experiential learning

Abstract

Hypoxic conditions in high altitude environments create challenges for the human body. Hypoxia arises when there is a reduction in the amount of oxygen entering the blood and occurs in healthy people at high altitude. This paper outlines a study abroad program that was designed to expand student understanding of the theoretical perspectives of altitude physiology through direct fieldwork in Peru. A total of twenty-nine (age 21 ± 2 years; women: 19, men: 10) students participated in at least one of two Core Studies (Core 1 (n=14), women: 11, men: 3; Core 2 (n=15), women: 8, men: 7). The students completed the studies and, in turn, experienced first-hand the physiological challenges and factors of exertion that are impacted by exposure to high altitude. “Peru: Life at the Top”, encompassed three days of rigorous laboratory preparation and concluded with a high altitude hike across the Peruvian Andes. Before the trip, peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), and total and regional body composition were assessed. Students were instructed to administer and interpret two questionnaires; the Lake Louise Score Questionnaire (to assess acute mountain sickness (AMS)), and the Exercise Task Self Efficacy Questionnaire (to assess levels of self-efficacy for performing vigorous exercise at altitude). Core Study 1 reported that the number of students exhibiting at least mild AMS increased from 6 (54%) at 3,400 meters to 9 (64%) at 3,800 meters. A higher AMS score at 4,100 meters was associated with greater android (r=0.72, p< 0.01), trunk (r=0.73, p< 0.01) and total body (r=0.71, p < 0.01) fat. Core Study 2 showed a statistically significant difference in exercise task self-efficacy across each survey (p < 0.008). This experience allowed students to review their understanding of some of the generalized effects of hypoxia on the body. In addition, teams of students were taught the scientific method and subsequently designed an original research project that was then implemented during the study abroad experience. The findings from these projects were disseminated to the scientific community at local and regional scientific conferences. Finally, the scientific focus of the trip was supplemented with a rich cultural experience that helped to bolster learning and enrich personal growth.