Impulsive athlete as a self-regulated learner. Can self-confidence and a positive social attitude change a developmental inhibitor into a growth catalyst?

Abstract

Problem Statement: Low frustration tolerance can typically be associated with poor performance. However, in some cases, a high level of impulsivity may be an advantage (Dickman, 1990). Previous studies have shown that successful athletes outscore their non-athlete peers in self-regulation, which enables them to control their thoughts, feelings, and actions (Baumeister &Vohs, 2004; Gagné&Gulbin, 2010; Jonker et al., 2010). However, previous studies have also revealed that the most successful athletes score significantly higher in impulsivity than athletes who are less successful and possess the same skill level (Siekanska, 2013). Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in personality profiles between successful and less-successful athletes with a high level of impulsivity. Approach: Using a semi-structured interview and The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) , out of 128 elite athletes (from individual and team sports) who were identified as “talents” in their early career stages, 54 athletes with a high level of impulsivity were identified (31 males and 23 females; age M = 28.35). Then, they were divided into two groups: successful (n = 24) and less-successful (n = 30). Results: The analysis of variance showed differences in the personality profiles of successful and less-successful athletes with high levels of impulsivity: both for scales (F(4,208)=6.96; p<0.001), and subscales (F(28,1456)=3.50; p<0.001) of NEO-PI-R. Successful athletes with high impulsivity (N5) had a lower overall level of neuroticism but possessed higher levels of extraversion (E), openness to experience (O), trust in others (A1), and competence (C1, p = 0.08) compared to less-successful athletes. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that successful athletes had good emotional control and were convinced of their own effectiveness even after experiencing stressful life events. The results provide information to help improve the understanding of the psychological factors that influence athletes’ optimal development and to increase sport adherence by supporting an athlete's social development.