Variation in body composition under the impact of a short health-enhancing fitness training cycle in a university setting

Abstract

Monitoring and evaluating the risks associated with deteriorating health, along with implementing preventive measures, are crucial steps in preventing socially significant diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, and allergic reactions. Purpose: This study compares the body composition of university students within the framework of an intra-university health project focused on weight reduction. Materials and methods: The study involved 65 first- and second-year students from a higher education institution. The experiment was performed as part of a health project by the Department of Physical Education aimed at preventing excess body weight (BM) among students. Participants underwent initial hardware testing using a specialized bioimpedance analyzer. Then, they were provided with specific physical exercises in a fitness format for a duration of two months. Control measurements were taken three times, with each measurement performed at the end of a two-week training cycle. The results from the bioimpedance testing were used to track the dynamics of changes. BM, body mass index (BMI), relative values of fat and muscle mass, and basal metabolism were measured. The results are presented as range charts with medians and the 25th–75th percentiles. Results: The study findings indicate changes in body composition indicators owing to the physical activity implemented in the experiment. Among the participants, a reduction in BM and stabilization of BMI at the normative value were observed. Furthermore, the relatively short training cycle influenced the muscle and fat mass indicators, as well as basal metabolism levels. Conclusions: Further research in this area should focus on a differentiated approach to selecting time intervals and the intensity of physical activity. This will help refine a personalized approach to implementing educational and practical physical education sessions, considering individual levels of motor activity.