Goal-scoring patterns in ice hockey: A comparative analysis of the NHL and the Finnish Liiga Playoffs

Abstract

The study investigated goal-scoring patterns in ice hockey playoff games by comparing the NHL during the 2024–2025 season with the Finnish Liiga during the 2023–2024 season. The analysis included 754 goals scored in 131 games (86 NHL games and 45 Liiga games), which were analyzed through systematic observation of official goal highlight videos. Goals were classified according to game situation, rink zone, type of attack, scoring method and scoring sector. Overall, 64% of goals were scored at even strength, 21% on the 5 vs. 4 power play, and 15% in other situations. Among goals scored in 5 vs. 5 situations, 61% originated in the offensive zone, 30% in the defensive zone, and 10% in the neutral zone. Significant differences were identified between the leagues in the distribution of goals across rink zones (p < 0.01), with the largest difference observed in the neutral zone. Most even-strength goals originated from offensive-zone board play (33%) and turnovers (23%), as well as from fast attacks (13%) and counterattacks (13%) initiated from the defensive zone. A z-test indicated a significant difference in offensive-zone goals between the leagues (p = 0.021). Goal-scoring methods also differed: Liiga goals were more often created through passes (p = 0.029), while NHL goals frequently resulted from deflections (p < 0.001). Most goals were scored near the net, with sectors 1–2 accounting for 67% of all goals. These results suggest that effective goal-scoring relies on quick breakout plays from the defensive zone, board play in the offensive zone, and active puck retrieval. Power-play performance also contributes substantially to playoff scoring. The findings provide practical guidance for coaches aiming to improve goalscoring efficiency through targeted training strategies in playoff games.