The effects of game-based passive, static stretching, and trunk flexibility on the execution of forward roll in floor exercise: A factorial experimental design

Abstract

Problem statement: This research aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between training methods (gamebased passive and static stretching) and trunk flexibility, specifically in their influence on the proficiency of executing the forward roll in floor exercises. Purpose: This study aims to explore how training methods (gamebased passive and static stretching) and trunk flexibility affect the forward roll skill in floor exercise. Despite the importance of these training modalities in enhancing physical performance, there remains a gap in understanding their combined impact on the forward roll skill. We hypothesize that the efficacy of training methods and trunk flexibility will significantly influence the execution the forward roll skill. Approach: The study employed an experimental approach with a 2 x 2 factorial design involving randomly selected students (N=40) aged 14.3±8.2 years old, who provided informed consent. Participants were divided into four groups and received either game-based passive or static stretching training over approximately six weeks, with a frequency of three times per week. Trunk flexibility and skill of forward roll data were assessed using the forward trunk flexion test, validity: r= 0.88 and reliability: r = 0.89, and forward rolling test, validity: r = 0.86 and reliability: r = 0.83. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. Results: Research findings revealed significant differences: (1) game-based passive stretching was more effective than gamebased static stretching in enhancing the skill of forward roll (P<0.05), with an increase of 2.6 vs. 1.5, respectively; (2) individuals with high trunk flexibility benefited more from passive stretching than static stretching (P<0.05); (3) no significant difference was found in individuals with low trunk flexibility (P>0.05); (4) an interaction effect between training method and trunk flexibility was observed (P<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, game-based passive stretching is more beneficial for individuals with high trunk flexibility, while game-based static stretching may yield better results for those with low trunk flexibility. However, both modalities can be advantageous for individuals with low trunk flexibility. These findings offer insights for coaches and gymnastics instructors to tailor training programs effectively to enhance the skill of forward roll in floor exercise.