Educational space, play, motor activities in the kindergarten: systematic review and graphic design of the exterior

Abstract

This study investigates strategies to increase physical activity levels among kindergarten children to meet the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. A systematic review was conducted, analyzing 19 studies identified through comprehensive searches of major databases. The review aimed to identify elements and equipment that should be incorporated into outdoor spaces to promote moderate and intense levels of physical activity. Additionally, it aimed to assess whether combining structured activities with free play contributes to increased levels of motor activity. The results of the review were as follows: fixed equipment, mobile equipment, open spaces and structured motor pathways have positive effects on moderate and intense physical activity levels; the combination of structured activities and free play also has positive effects on both physical activity levels and the improvement of certain motor skills. Furthermore, it was found that garden size and paving designs do not improve physical activity levels, while sandpits have a negative effect on them. This was followed by the design of the outdoor space. It included appropriately chosen equipment and materials to raise physical activity levels, without neglecting the important role of symbolic play in this age group. Collaboration and shared design with other professionals such as a playground designer and an architect was essential. This made it possible to produce a graphic design and a final rendering of the project.