Effects of Pilates on breast cancer: A systematic review

Abstract

This systematic literature review mapped studies examining the use of the Pilates method in the rehabilitation of women with breast cancer, with the aim of clarifying its contribution to functional recovery and overall wellbeing. The literature search covered the SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, and included publications from May 2004 through May 2025. The search used the search string “Pilates” AND “breast cancer”. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively and thematically across three dimensions: (i) the relationship between Pilates and quality of life; (ii) the role of Pilates in promoting functional improvement; and (iii) its effects on psychological well-being. Brazil was identified as the country with the highest number of studies in this field, with methodologies primarily based on questionnaires and physical tests. The results showed an increase in scientific interest in this area and highlighted the positive effects of the Pilates method in breast cancer rehabilitation, with significant impacts on patients’ physical, emotional, and psychological recovery. Most studies identified improvements in quality of life, including reductions in pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as well as gains in muscular strength, flexibility, mobility, balance, and postural alignment. The findings also emphasized the role of Pilates as a mind–body intervention that promotes self-esteem, body awareness, and emotional well-being throughout the rehabilitation process. Furthermore, the integration of breathing techniques, motor control, and mental focus makes Pilates a distinctive therapeutic approach capable of supporting both physical and psychological recovery. The review suggests that Pilates may represent a safe, feasible, and effective complementary strategy within multidisciplinary oncological rehabilitation programs. However, further longitudinal and high-quality randomized studies are needed to strengthen the scientific evidence and establish standardized intervention protocols for women with breast cancer.