Digital-based gymnastics learning tools: A design and implementation for undergraduate sports education students

Abstract

The role of technology in learning or improving a movement technique in sport has been investigated in previous studies. However, involving and developing it in gymnastics learning at universities is still rarely done. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop and test the effectiveness of digital-based gymnastics learning tools for undergraduate sports education students. A total of 11 experts participated to assess the feasibility of the product, each of which was 5 gymnastics learning experts, 3 media and technology experts, and 3 language experts. Then, 64 undergraduate sports education students were involved in field trials. Participants consisted of experimental and conventional classes, or groups with developed products (n=33) and groups with conventional learning (n=31). A validation instrument with a Likert scale was used to determine the relevance of the content, and a back-rolling skills to test its effectiveness (initial, main and final phases). Then it was analyzed using the V index from Aiken and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), while the independent sample t-test and N- Gain score were used to analyze its effectiveness. These findings show that the V and ICC indices for e-learning plans and e-modules meet the feasibility indicators in the high category (V=0.812; 0.825 and ICC=0.736; 0.754). The results of the field trials also showed a significant difference between the experimental and conventional groups (P<0.05), where the average rear rolling skill in the experimental group was better than the conventional (8.82>7.55; difference 1.27), with N-Gain score analysis is 60.74 (moderately effective). Thus, this digital-based gymnastics learning tool can be used to overcome limitations in learning movements in gymnastics, whether used by students, lecturers and gymnastics practitioners. Future research is needed with more refined displays of products, and other movements in gymnastics.