Exploring age-related psychophysiological patterns in bullying behaviors: An investigation of adolescent judokas

Abstract

Problem statement: Adolescent bullying within the judo context is an area that has yet to be thoroughly investigated, despite its significant impact on the well-being of young athletes. Understanding age-specific patterns in bullying behaviors among judokas and elucidating psychophysiological factors that underlie these behaviors is crucial. This knowledge is indispensable for developing targeted and effective intervention strategies to address and mitigate the adverse effects of bullying in the judo community. Approach: This study adopted an integrative methodology, combining both physiological and psychological assessments. By concurrently examining heart rate variability (HRV) and conducting psychological evaluations, we aimed to unravel complex interconnections among autonomic regulation, self-esteem, aggressive tendencies, and the roles individuals play in bullying scenarios. Our investigation involved 82 adolescent judokas, segregated into two age groups: 6-11 years old (Group A) and 12-16 years old (Group B). Purpose: Our study delves into age-related patterns of bullying behaviors among adolescent judokas, concurrently aiming to unveil to intricate connections between physiological responses and psychological attributes. Results: We uncovered age-related variations in HRV parameters within our cohort of adolescent judokas. Notably, Group B, comprising older athletes, demonstrated significant increases in heart rate, stress index values, and low-frequency waves (LF), indicating heightened sympathetic modulation. Conversely, high-frequency waves (HF), reflective of parasympathetic activity, decreased with age. Our examination of bullying roles revealed that Group A had a stronger association with the "Viewer" role, while Group B showed a greater inclination towards the "Initiator" and "Protector" roles. Further investigation uncovered connections between bullying roles and psychophysiological traits. Initiators and their supporters exhibited lower heart rates (HR), suggestive of reduced physiological arousal, coupled with aggression and self-esteem. In contrast, "Protectors" displayed elevated self-esteem, possibly influenced by judo practice, emphasizing its potential to enhance self-esteem among adolescent judokas. "Victims" experienced heightened tension, expressing latent aggression through negative emotions, emphasizing the necessity for specialized support and intervention. On the other hand, "Viewers" exhibited increased HF and a negative correlation with overt aggressive behavior, shedding light on their distinct psychophysiological profile. Conclusion: In summary, our in-depth analysis unveiled age-related shifts in HRV parameters, indicating heightened sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic activity in older adolescent judo athletes. This shifts align with the maturation of the autonomic nervous system, potentially influenced by athletic performance. Our study emphasized the dynamic nature of adolescent identity formation within the framework of bullying roles. As adolescents evolve, they tend to assume more active roles, driven by a need of self-expression and authority. This inclination may be influenced by judo's ethical principles, promoting responsible and empathetic behavior. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between psychological traits, physiological responses, and bullying roles among adolescent judokas. This understanding lays the foundation for predictive models and targeted interventions aimed at cultivating empathetic and responsible behavior. By doing so, we aim foster safer and more inclusive experiences for adolescents in the judo community.